What is SME Finance?

SumUp is a payments company built for the merchants traditional providers never bothered with. Founded in 2012 and headquartered in London, it sells low-cost card readers and point-of-sale hardware to small businesses — market traders, cafés, hairdressers, tradespeople — who could never justify the monthly fees, multi-year contracts, and cumbersome terminals that legacy processors demanded. The core proposition has barely changed since launch: buy a card reader outright for a modest one-off price, pay a small percentage per transaction, and sign nothing. That model has scaled a long way past its origins. SumUp now serves more than 4 million merchants across roughly 35 markets, employs around 4,000 people, and was valued at about €8 billion in a 2022 round led by Bain Capital. In 2024 it raised a €1.5 billion private credit facility led by Goldman Sachs, and it has been weighing a stock market listing that could value it as high as $15 billion. The more significant shift is that SumUp is no longer a card reader company. Through a run of acquisitions — Payleven, the e-commerce platform Shoplo, the core banking provider Paysolut, POS software firm Tiller, and the US loyalty startup Fivestars — it has assembled a full financial stack for micro-businesses: a business account and card, invoicing, an online store, loyalty tools, self-service kiosks, and SDKs for developers who want to embed card acceptance in their own products. The ambition is to be the only software a small merchant needs to run their business. That leaves SumUp in an unusual competitive position. On hardware and in-person payments it faces Square, Zettle, and Dojo; as a broader business platform it edges toward Stripe, Mollie, and Revolut Business. Its defensibility rests on the segment most of the industry finds too small to serve properly — the micro and nano merchants that make up the long tail of European commerce.

Starling is a UK digital bank offering personal and business current accounts entirely through a mobile app, with no branches. Founded in January 2014 by Anne Boden, a former Allied Irish Banks COO, it secured a full UK banking licence in 2016 — a distinction that matters more than it sounds. Unlike neobanks that operate on a partner institution's licence, Starling is a bank in its own right, regulated by the FCA and PRA, with deposits FSCS-protected. It also built its own core banking technology rather than licensing someone else's, and that decision turned out to have a second act. Engine by Starling packages that technology as software-as-a-service and sells it to other banks: Salt Bank in Romania and AMP Bank in Australia were the first clients live on the platform, and Starling is now pushing Engine into North America and the Middle East, targeting what CEO Raman Bhatia has called a £100 billion addressable market. For a bank whose retail footprint stops at the UK border, Engine is the international growth story — and the reason Starling turns up in Banking-as-a-Service conversations as often as digital banking ones. The core bank remains strong but is no longer on a simple upward curve. Starling reported its fifth consecutive profitable year in 2026, with pre-tax profit of roughly £217 million on £887 million of revenue, serving around 3.5 million personal and business customers, and it has been named Which? Banking Brand of the Year three years running. But that result marked a second straight annual decline, after a 26% profit drop the year before, driven by provisions for pandemic-era Bounce Back Loan issues and a regulatory penalty. That penalty is the part most profiles leave out. In October 2024 the FCA fined Starling £29 million over anti-money laundering and sanctions screening failures, finding the bank had opened more than 54,000 accounts for high-risk customers in breach of an agreed restriction, and that its screening system had been checking customers against only a fraction of the UK sanctions list since 2017. Starling accepted the findings, apologised, and has invested heavily in remediation — but the episode illustrates the defining challenge of the challenger-bank model: compliance infrastructure that struggles to keep pace with customer growth. Anne Boden stepped down as CEO in 2023 and left the board in 2024. Raman Bhatia, formerly CEO of OVO and head of HSBC's UK and European digital bank, took over in 2024 and has spent his tenure working through the legacy issues while repositioning the company's growth story around Engine. The bank dropped "Bank" from its name in a September 2025 rebrand.

Knab is a Dutch digital bank for consumers, freelancers, and small businesses.

Pleo is a Danish spend management platform that hands employees a company card and removes the expense report from the equation entirely. It was founded in Copenhagen in 2015 by Jeppe Rindom and Niccolo Perra, both early employees at Tradeshift — where Rindom was CFO and lived the problem daily. Their observation was simple: consumer payments had gone frictionless while business payments were still stranded in paper receipts and month-end spreadsheet reconciliation. The mechanic is straightforward. Employees get physical or virtual Mastercards with limits set by finance. When they buy something, the app prompts them to photograph the receipt on the spot, categorises the transaction automatically, and pushes it through to the accounting system. The claim form, the reimbursement cycle, and the shoebox of receipts all disappear — and finance sees spending as it happens rather than three weeks after the fact. The platform has since grown well beyond cards. Pleo now handles supplier invoices end to end — capture, approval, payment, and bookkeeping — alongside reimbursements for out-of-pocket spend and integrations with accounting tools including Xero and QuickBooks, with credit lines and payroll on the roadmap. It serves more than 40,000 businesses across 16 European countries, employs around 950 people, and runs offices in Copenhagen, London, Berlin, Stockholm, Madrid, Lisbon, Paris, Amsterdam, and Chennai. Pleo has raised roughly $434 million across nine rounds from investors including Kinnevik, Creandum, Bain Capital Ventures, and Thrive Capital. It reached a $4.7 billion valuation in December 2021, following a $150 million Series C that made it a unicorn earlier that year — a peak-era mark that has not been publicly revisited since. Its competitive set is the European spend management cohort: Spendesk, Payhawk, and Moss, with SAP Concur as the incumbent it was built to displace.

PayFit is a French payroll and HR software platform that automates the tedious work of managing employee compensation, benefits, and compliance across Europe. Founded in 2015, the company has built something genuinely useful: a system that lets mid-market companies and SMEs stop wrestling with spreadsheets and outdated payroll systems, and instead manage their entire workforce in one place. The platform handles everything from salary calculations and tax filings to expense reports and leave management—work that traditionally demanded a dedicated HR department or expensive outsourcing. What sets PayFit apart is its focus on reducing administrative friction rather than just digitizing existing processes. The interface feels designed for actual users, not consultants. It integrates with accounting software and handles the increasingly complex regulatory landscape across France, Germany, Spain, and the UK, where employment law differs wildly but payroll headaches remain universal. In Europe's fragmented payroll software market, where legacy providers still dominate through inertia, PayFit represents a generational shift toward cloud-first, mobile-friendly HR operations. The company competes less on features (though it has plenty) and more on making payroll feel like a solved problem rather than an annual migraine. It's the kind of infrastructure play that startups and growth companies build themselves around once they've used it—not flashy, but fundamentally necessary.

Raize operates an online lending and investment platform for Portuguese SMEs.