Alternatives to Thought Machine

LHV

🇪🇪 Estonia

LHV has the distinction of being both Estonia's largest domestic bank and one of the most important banking infrastructure providers in European fintech. Founded in Tallinn in 1999 — making it ancient by Estonian standards in a country whose digital infrastructure is itself only a few decades old — LHV grew from an investment firm into a full retail bank, navigating Estonia's evolution from post-Soviet transition economy to digital society more successfully than many of its peers. The bank serves Estonian retail and business customers across the full range of banking products, with particular strength in investment services that reflects its origins as a brokerage. Beyond its domestic banking business, LHV has built a Pan-European operation providing banking services to fintechs — issuing accounts, IBANs, and payment infrastructure to many of the UK and European fintechs that needed banking partnerships to operate compliantly. The fintech banking business has made LHV one of the most important behind-the-scenes infrastructure providers in European fintech, even if most of the consumer-facing companies that rely on it never mention LHV publicly. In the European banking landscape, LHV represents the unusual combination of small national bank and Pan-European fintech enabler — a position that few institutions have managed to occupy.

Founded 1999

Solaris

🇩🇪 Germany

Solaris is a Berlin-based fintech infrastructure platform that lets financial institutions and fintechs launch their own digital banking products without building tech from scratch. Rather than wrestling with legacy core banking systems, clients plug into Solaris's cloud-native API layer to issue cards, manage accounts, and process payments at speed. The company operates in the shadows of most consumer apps—you won't see the Solaris logo in an app store—but its backbone runs through dozens of European fintechs, neobanks, and traditional financial institutions. Think of it as the plumbing that powers other people's banking ambitions. Solaris dominates a specific niche: the BaaS (Banking-as-a-Service) and embedded finance layer for Europe. While competitors like Thought Machine and Temenos chase enterprise banking overhauls, Solaris stays focused on the modern fintech workflow. Its modular design appeals to companies that need speed and flexibility, not a 10-year implementation project. In a market crowded with infrastructure plays, Solaris has become essential plumbing for European digital banking. It sits at the intersection of regulatory compliance, technical simplicity, and startup ambition—precisely where the next wave of European fintech is being built.

Founded 2015

Paysera

🇱🇹 Lithuania

Paysera is a Lithuanian fintech company that has quietly built one of Europe's most comprehensive payment and banking platforms, serving millions of users across the continent. Rather than chasing hype, Paysera focuses on practical utility—combining payment processing, digital accounts, currency exchange, and invoicing tools into a single interface that works across borders and languages. The platform powers everything from freelancers managing invoices to SMEs handling payroll, while also offering consumer-facing services like multi-currency wallets and competitive exchange rates. What sets Paysera apart is its unglamorous pragmatism: it solves real friction in how Europeans move, spend, and manage money across different countries, without the startup theatrics. It's the kind of company that doesn't dominate headlines but has become indispensable infrastructure for a significant portion of the continent's digital economy. In the crowded European fintech landscape, where newer players chase consumer attention and legacy banks chase compliance, Paysera operates in the profitable middle—trusted by businesses and individuals who value reliability and cross-border simplicity over brand prestige.

Founded 2004

Token

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Token is a London-based open banking platform that sits at the intersection of infrastructure and consumer experience, making API-driven financial connectivity feel less like plumbing and more like a natural part of how money moves. Rather than asking users to log into their banks manually or hand over passwords, Token handles account aggregation and payment initiation through direct bank connections—the infrastructure most fintech apps and traditional banks should have built themselves but didn't. The company's core insight is that open banking is only useful if it actually works across borders, across device types, and across the chaos of fragmented financial systems. Token's platform standardizes this mess, letting fintechs, banks, and payment companies offer seamless experiences without getting bogged down in regional variations or legacy bank APIs that still feel like they were written in 2003. What sets Token apart in the European market is its focus on developer experience without sacrificing enterprise-grade security and compliance. While competitors offer raw API access or clunky consent flows, Token treats the entire interaction—from user authentication to transaction confirmation—as a product problem, not just a technical one. They're essentially the connective tissue that lets modern financial products actually work at scale. Token's role in fintech infrastructure means it powers an invisible layer: the moment you authorize a payment or link an account in an app that "just works," Token's orchestration is likely running underneath. That's the kind of foundational utility the ecosystem desperately needs.

Founded 2015

Tieto

🇫🇮 Finland

Tieto operates in the murky middle ground between traditional IT services and fintech infrastructure, building the unsexy-but-essential systems that European financial institutions actually run on. The company provides core banking platforms, payment systems, and digital banking solutions to banks and financial services firms across the Nordic and European markets. Where most fintech captures headlines with consumer apps, Tieto stays disciplined in the B2B infrastructure game—modernizing legacy systems, managing complex regulatory requirements, and keeping payments flowing. Its positioning reflects a particular Nordic pragmatism: less about disruption, more about making banking systems reliable, scalable, and compliant. In a landscape crowded with flashy consumer fintechs, Tieto represents the unglamorous but critical plumbing layer that enables everyone else to operate. The company remains one of Europe's largest fintech infrastructure players, though its parent company structure and steady-handed approach means it rarely commands the venture attention of younger competitors.

Founded 1969

finleap

🇩🇪 Germany

finleap is Berlin's answer to a question the European fintech scene keeps asking: how do you build world-class financial companies at scale? Rather than chase unicorn valuations, finleap builds them. The holding company operates as a fintech factory, incubating and scaling financial startups from day one with institutional backing, operational expertise, and a network that spans regulators, banks, and investors across the continent. What sets finleap apart is the architecture itself. It's not an accelerator or a VC fund—it's a purpose-built engine for creating and nurturing fintech companies. Each portfolio company gets access to finleap's infrastructure, compliance playbooks, and go-to-market templates, which compresses timelines and eliminates the friction that typically derails early-stage fintechs. The model works: companies like Wayfair-backed Finn, B2B payments platform Foxpay, and lending marketplace Evala have all emerged from the finleap stable. Internally, finleap operates across payments, lending, wealth, and embedded finance—categories where the European market remains genuinely underpenetrated compared to the US. The company's thesis is straightforward: identify white space in financial services, build products faster than traditional banks can move, and create defensible market positions through technology and user experience. It's less about disruption theater and more about pragmatic value creation. Finleap sits at an interesting intersection in the European fintech landscape: large enough to command resources and regulatory relationships, independent enough to move quickly, and structured in a way that lets founders maintain autonomy while tapping institutional muscle. For a continent that produces good fintech companies but struggles with scaling, finleap represents a new playbook.

Founded 2014

Unblu

🇨🇭 Switzerland

Unblu operates in the unglamorous but essential territory where financial services meet customer service—the moment a bank customer needs live help and picks up their phone instead of abandoning their application. Rather than building another chatbot, Unblu created a platform that lets banks embed co-browsing and real-time video conversations directly into their digital channels, turning web pages and apps into collaborative workspaces where advisors and customers can actually see what the other is doing. The company targets financial institutions tired of losing conversions because their digital experiences feel abandoned. Unblu's platform sits between your app and your customer, enabling seamless handoffs from self-service to human guidance without the friction of traditional call centers. A user can be filling out a mortgage application, hit a question, and instantly video-call a specialist who sees their screen and can annotate, guide, and help in real time. What distinguishes Unblu in the European fintech infrastructure space is its focus on regulated financial use cases. Banks don't need another Silicon Valley-style collaboration tool; they need compliance-first interactions that work within PSD2, open banking, and data protection frameworks. Unblu has embedded this rigor into its platform rather than bolting it on afterward. The company serves a specific but high-value niche: banks and financial institutions that want to reduce abandonment rates, increase conversion, and do it through genuine human connection rather than algorithmic band-aids. In a landscape obsessed with APIs and automation, Unblu's bet is that sometimes the best digital experience is one that knows when to hand you a human.

Founded 2010

Crealogix

🇨🇭 Switzerland

Crealogix is a Swiss fintech company that builds digital banking platforms for financial institutions across Europe. Rather than starting from scratch, banks and wealth managers plug into Crealogix's modular software suite to modernize their customer experience—covering everything from retail and corporate banking interfaces to wealth management portals and mobile apps. The company operates as an infrastructure play in the digital transformation space. Its platforms run on a microservices architecture, letting financial institutions pick and choose the components they need rather than ripping out legacy systems entirely. This approach has gained traction with mid-market and enterprise banks looking to compete with neobanks without the cost of a complete rebuild. Crealogix sits in a pragmatic middle ground between traditional banking software vendors and modern fintech disruptors. It's not trying to be a bank itself; instead, it partners with incumbents and increasingly with smaller financial institutions across German-speaking Europe and beyond. The company's strength lies in understanding both the technical demands of modern digital banking and the regulatory complexity that traditional banks navigate daily. In the evolving European fintech landscape, Crealogix represents the infrastructure generation—the companies enabling the banking industry's digital transition rather than replacing it entirely.

Founded 1999

Revolut

🇱🇹 Lithuania

Nik Storonsky was born in Dolgoprudny, Russia, and moved to London in 2006 to work as an equity derivatives trader, first at Lehman Brothers and later at Credit Suisse. Vlad Yatsenko was a software engineer who'd spent years building financial systems. In 2015 they sat down and asked a question that should have occurred to banks years earlier: why does spending money abroad still cost so much? The answer they built was Revolut — initially a prepaid card with no foreign exchange fees, then a multi-currency account, then a trading platform, then an insurance product, then a business banking offering, then something that's increasingly hard to describe as anything other than a full financial operating system. Revolut didn't unbundle banking so much as rebuild it from scratch for people who found the existing version frustrating and expensive. The numbers now are genuinely striking for a company that started with two people and a card. Revenue reached £4.5 billion in 2025, up 46% year on year, with pre-tax profit rising 57% to £1.7 billion. The customer base has passed 75 million retail users, plus 767,000 businesses. The company employs more than 12,000 people and operates in more than 40 markets. In July 2026, a secondary share sale valued Revolut at $115 billion — up from $75 billion just eight months earlier, and more than the market capitalisation of Barclays. It remains Europe's most valuable private technology company by a wide margin. The milestone that mattered most arrived in March 2026: a full UK banking licence from the Prudential Regulation Authority, ending a five-year application process that had become one of the most-watched regulatory sagas in European fintech. The licence means Revolut can now protect UK deposits up to £120,000, offer authorised consumer credit, and compete directly with high street banks for mortgage and lending business. It's the piece that transforms Revolut from a very successful payments app into a regulated bank. The global licensing map is filling in quickly, with one persistent gap. In July 2026 Revolut became the first global fintech granted a full Australian Deposit-taking Institution licence by APRA — a regulator whose capital requirements have defeated several domestic neobanks — and launched Revolut Bank Australia. In August it secured a French banking licence, a significant step given that France is its largest European market outside the UK and that holding a local licence rather than passporting from Lithuania changes how it can compete there on lending and deposits. It has also opened its first bank outside Europe, in Mexico. The exception is the United States, where a banking charter application filed in 2024 remains pending — in a period when the OCC has rejected applications from both Wise and bunq. Around the licences, the product keeps widening past banking: private markets access for European retail customers through funds from Apollo, Ares and Partners Group; a partnership with OpenAI bringing ChatGPT Go to premium tiers; eSIM data plans; and an airport lounge network starting in Copenhagen. The original thesis — that banking could be cheaper, faster, and simpler — hasn't changed. What has changed is that Revolut is no longer only selling banking.

Founded 2015

Klarna

🇸🇪 Sweden

Three Stockholm School of Economics students pitched an idea at a university entrepreneurship competition in 2005: let shoppers receive goods before they pay, and put the credit risk on the merchant side. The pitch finished last. They built it anyway. Sebastian Siemiatkowski, Niklas Adalberth, and Victor Jacobsson launched what was originally called Kreditor, later renamed Klarna, and spent the next two decades turning that rejected idea into one of Europe's most recognised fintech brands. The core insight held up: millions of people would rather split a purchase into three instalments than reach for a credit card, and merchants would pay for the privilege of offering that option because it reduces cart abandonment and increases average order values. Klarna grew from a Swedish checkout button into something considerably more complex. It now holds a banking licence in Sweden, offers savings accounts, issues its own card, and operates across more than 45 markets with around 93 million active consumers and 675,000 merchant partners at the end of 2024. The US, which Klarna entered in 2015, has become its largest market by revenue, a fact the company underlined by listing on the New York Stock Exchange in September 2025 under the ticker KLAR, raising $1.37 billion at IPO. The financial trajectory has been bumpy. Klarna reported net income of $21 million in 2024, a return to profitability after a bruising 2022 that included an 85% valuation cut and significant layoffs that reduced headcount from over 7,000 to around 3,400. What survived the restructuring was a leaner company with $2.81 billion in revenue and a clearer strategic direction: AI. Klarna's partnership with OpenAI produced a customer service assistant it claims handles the equivalent of 700 full-time agents, and generative AI now manages roughly two-thirds of customer chats. The honest assessment of where Klarna sits today: it's no longer purely a BNPL provider and it's not quite a bank. It's somewhere in between, a consumer finance platform that knows more about your shopping behaviour than your bank does, and is betting that's worth a lot.

Founded 2005

Wise

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Kristo Käärmann and Taavet Hinrikus were two Estonians living in London with the same annoying problem in opposite directions — one paid in pounds needing euros, the other the reverse — and the same discovery that their banks were charging them for the privilege while quoting an exchange rate that wasn't the real one. Their fix was a private arrangement between themselves. Formalised as TransferWise in 2011, it became one of the most genuinely useful ideas in European fintech: don't send money across borders at all. Hold accounts in each country, match inbound and outbound flows domestically, and charge a transparent fee for the matching. No SWIFT chain, no correspondent banks, no hidden spread. The company built its brand on publishing the true cost of the alternative, and for over a decade that transparency was the product. The business it became is substantial. Wise moves tens of billions of pounds across borders annually for consumers and businesses, has been consistently profitable, and operates Wise Platform — infrastructure sold to banks and fintechs that want cross-border capability without building it. In May 2026 the company moved its primary listing from the London Stock Exchange to Nasdaq under the ticker WSE, a decision that drew a great deal of comment in the UK about the attractiveness of London as a venue for technology companies. Then 2026 turned difficult, and the honest version of that story is heavier than the headlines suggested. In June, the Brussels Public Prosecutor's Office was reported to be investigating Wise Europe — the Belgian subsidiary through which the group runs its European Economic Area operations — over roughly €500 million in suspicious transactions, with alleged links to fraud, corruption, and drug trafficking. Prosecutors had reportedly noticed Wise accounts appearing in hundreds of cross-border judicial assistance requests from more than 30 European countries. Shares fell sharply. In July, the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency denied Wise's application for a national trust bank charter, and the language of the decision was unusually direct: the application presented "significant supervisory and compliance concerns," and proposed management and directors had demonstrated a "persistent inability" to manage money-laundering and terrorist-financing risk. The OCC's letter also cited state regulatory actions against Wise — a July 2025 multi-state consent order requiring Wise's US arm to pay $4.2 million and overhaul its Bank Secrecy Act and AML programmes. A proposed securities class action followed in the Southern District of New York at the end of July. Wise denies wrongdoing, says it is cooperating with the authorities, and told the market its compliance programmes have evolved significantly since the original application was filed. It intends to submit a new charter application under the GENIUS Act framework. All of that is fair to state, and none of the allegations has been established: an investigation is not a finding, and securities class actions follow share price falls as a matter of routine. But two things are already true regardless of outcome. The denial was a rare public rejection from a regulator that had spent the preceding months approving trust charters for Circle, Ripple, Paxos, Coinbase, and others — meaning it was a judgement about Wise specifically rather than a closed door in general. And the charter's absence has a concrete cost: without it, Wise has no direct Federal Reserve access and continues routing US dollar flows through partner banks, which is exactly the dependency and margin leakage the application was meant to remove. The honest read is uncomfortable for a company whose entire brand is built on being the straightforward one. Wise remains a profitable, well-run business with genuinely better economics than the incumbents it disrupted, and its consumer proposition is unaffected. But the compliance findings now recur across multiple entities, jurisdictions, and regulators — the same control domains each time, over several years — and the OCC has escalated what could have been read as a subsidiary problem to an enterprise-level one. For every European fintech queuing behind Wise for a US charter, Revolut included, the bar just became visible and it is higher than expected.

Founded 2011

Monzo

🇬🇧 United Kingdom

The founding team that built Monzo had all worked together before — at Starling Bank, another challenger startup that didn't survive its internal conflicts. Tom Blomfield, Gary Dolman, Jonas Huckestein, Jason Bates, and Paul Rippon left together in 2015 and started again. The product was initially a prepaid card — a coral-coloured piece of plastic that became one of the most recognisable objects in British fintech — before becoming a fully licensed current account in 2017. The early community was unusual for a bank: public engineering blogs, user forums, beta programmes, and a 2016 crowdfunding round that raised £1 million in 96 seconds, a world record. People felt ownership of the product in a way no high street bank had ever achieved, and that emotional connection became a durable competitive advantage. A decade on, the results have caught up with the mythology. For the year to March 2026, Monzo reported revenue of £1.71 billion, up 39%, with gross profit crossing £1 billion for the first time and a third consecutive year in the black — statutory pre-tax profit of £87.3 million, up 44%, or £172.6 million adjusted for restructuring charges and a roughly £21 million FCA fine over historical financial-crime control failings. The bank added a record three million customers to reach 15.2 million — one in five UK adults — with deposits up 55% to £25.7 billion, 1.6 million paying subscribers, and business banking growing 45% to 905,000 customers and 14% of revenue. Four separate income streams — current account balances, borrowing, payments, and wealth — each now clear £300 million. Half of active customers use Monzo as their primary bank, which shows up in the metric that anchors every valuation conversation: revenue per active personal customer of £167, against Revolut's £66. The gap is the difference between being someone's bank and being their travel card. Leadership and strategy both turned over during the year. Diana Layfield, a former Google executive, took over as CEO in February 2026 following TS Anil's departure — a transition shaped in part by board tensions over IPO venue and the company's UK concentration. Her first significant moves were decisive: Monzo closed its US operations entirely, and redirected the international ambition at Europe, where it secured a banking licence from the Central Bank of Ireland, launched in Ireland to a 100,000-person waitlist, and named Spain as the next market. The acquisition of digital mortgage broker Habito completed on 1 April 2026, giving the bank a capital-efficient route into mortgages — a product more than 550,000 customers were already tracking in the app. Costs rose with the ambition: the cost-to-income ratio ticked up to 74% as hiring and marketing accelerated. Monzo remains private, valued at approximately $5.9 billion in its 2024 secondary sale, and Layfield has told the FT she is "not in a hurry" to list. The strategic bet of this chapter is clear and genuinely contestable: that Monzo's deep-relationship, primary-bank model — expensive to build, lucrative per customer — can be exported to European markets where Revolut arrived a decade earlier with the opposite playbook. The UK numbers say the model works. Europe will say whether it travels.

Founded 2015